Wells & Septic: What To Know When Moving To Nash
If you are moving from city utilities to country living in Nash County, you will likely trade water bills for private responsibility. That means a well for your drinking water and a septic system to handle wastewater. Both can serve a home reliably for decades when they are designed, permitted, and maintained the right way. This guide gives you clear steps to verify systems before you buy, plan your due diligence, and set your new home up for long-term success.
Rural living offers privacy, space, and a closer connection to land. It also puts you in charge of two essentials: your water source and your wastewater system. Understanding how private wells and septic systems work will help you write a smart offer, plan inspections, and budget for ownership.
What you will learn here:
When questions arise, your primary local resource is Nash County Environmental Health. They handle permits, site evaluations, sampling, and records for both wells and septic systems in the county. You can request property files and schedule services through their office on the Nash County site.
With a private well, you own the water source and are responsible for water quality, testing, and system upkeep. New wells in North Carolina require local permits and inspections, and new private drinking water wells must be sampled within 30 days for a standard set of bacteria and chemical tests per state law. The county enforces the rules and can provide well permits and installation records for a property through Environmental Health. The state’s health department also provides well testing guidance for homeowners and local health departments coordinate sampling and follow-up via NCDHHS and NCDEQ.
During due diligence, order independent water testing. A good baseline panel includes total coliform and E. coli bacteria, nitrate, pH, and total dissolved solids. Test more analytes if local risks exist, such as metals or volatile organic compounds. The U.S. EPA recommends testing your well annually for bacteria and nitrates, and any time the well is repaired or flooded see EPA guidance.
If results show bacteria, the state recommends disinfecting (shock chlorination), fixing seals or casing defects, and retesting. Use bottled or boiled water until a safe result is confirmed. Local health departments can provide disinfection kits and collect samples for state labs per NCDHHS. If nitrate is above the EPA limit, do not use the water for infant formula and consult on treatment options like reverse osmosis or ion exchange, then retest after installation EPA nitrate overview.
For flow, ask your well contractor or inspector to conduct a functional flow check at fixtures and review pump performance. If the seller has recent service records, add them to your file. County records may note well depth and construction, but actual performance is best verified by testing.
Request the well permit, completion report, and any maintenance logs from the seller. If missing, the county can often retrieve records by parcel ID through Environmental Health. Components to note include the well casing and cap, pressure tank, control box, and any treatment systems. Private well depths vary in Nash County and across eastern North Carolina; nearby monitoring wells range from tens to hundreds of feet deep depending on geology example depth data. Do not assume depth equals quality; rely on test results and equipment condition.
If the property uses a shared well, confirm the agreement in writing. Look for recorded easements, cost-sharing terms, maintenance duties, and limits on the number of homes served. Ask your attorney to review these documents during the title period.
Septic systems return treated wastewater to the soil on your property. The system type depends on your site’s soils, slopes, and groundwater. Many homes use conventional trench systems; others need pressure distribution, mounds, or engineered designs when soils are limiting. Nash County evaluates the site and issues permits that specify the system type county process. Technical standards and setbacks are governed by state onsite wastewater rules in the 15A NCAC 18E series state rule reference.
Ask the seller for the septic permit, improvement permit or authorization to construct, site map, as-built drawing, and pumping or service records. If records are missing, request copies from the county by address or parcel ID Nash County records. When you order a septic inspection during a sale, use a state-certified inspector. North Carolina requires onsite wastewater installers and inspectors to be certified by the NC Onsite Wastewater Contractor/Inspector Certification Board NCOWCICB. You can search their certification lists to hire qualified professionals provider lists.
Septic systems are permitted by a design flow, commonly tied to bedroom count. If you plan to add bedrooms, finish a basement, build an accessory dwelling, or install a pool house, confirm that the permitted capacity supports your plans. If not, you may need a modification or an engineered solution before building.
While touring, note slow or gurgling drains, sewage odors inside or outside, soggy or unusually green patches near the drainfield, or any backups. These are red flags that justify immediate inspection by a certified professional. The EPA offers homeowner guidance on septic care and warning signs you can review as a reference EPA septic care.
Write your offer with enough time and access for well and septic inspections and lab results. Include clear language that allows water quality testing, septic pumping if needed to inspect the tank, and access for county file research. Aim for cooperation on uncovering lids and locating drainfields.
Focus on safety and function. If a system fails, options include seller repairs before closing, price credits, or escrow to complete work later. For larger fixes like drainfield replacement or new engineered systems, confirm permitting timelines with the county and use certified contractors NCOWCICB guidance.
Some loan programs and insurers require proof of potable water, recent test results, or confirmation of a functional septic system. Share your reports with your lender early. Keep copies of permits, inspection reports, and water results in your transaction file.
Have your well components checked on a schedule, keep the wellhead protected and properly sealed, and maintain a clean area around it. Test your water at least annually for bacteria and nitrate, and after any repair or flooding event EPA well testing. Keep records of all tests and service.
Adopt habits that protect your drainfield: limit grease, avoid flushing wipes or hygiene products, spread out laundry loads, and divert roof and surface water away from the field. Most households need periodic tank inspections and routine pumping; alternative systems often require annual service contracts. The EPA and NC State Extension provide simple maintenance checklists worth following septic care basics and Extension guidance.
Most wells rely on electric pumps. During outages, store drinking water, and consider a backup power source for essential water use. After storms or flooding, test your well again before drinking the water if the wellhead was submerged state well safety FAQs.
Plan a reserve for periodic pumping, well service calls, and eventual component replacements like pumps, pressure tanks, and distribution boxes. Major septic repairs, including drainfield replacement or engineered upgrades, can be costly and may require county approvals county permitting info. A preventive approach usually saves money over reactive fixes.
If you are buying raw land, a perc evaluation tells you how well the soil can absorb treated water and what type of system the county will permit. The site and soil evaluation is the most critical step to confirm buildability county process. Soil maps can provide early clues but do not replace a county evaluation NRCS soil survey overview.
State rules set minimum distances between wells, septic systems, buildings, and property lines. For example, many wells require at least 50 to 100 feet of separation from septic components depending on the well type and context. Always verify the current setback table and how the county applies it to your lot before finalizing plans state rule reference. Also confirm recorded easements for shared wells or access routes to drainfields.
Locate your septic tank and drainfield on a map before you plan additions, barns, pools, or driveways. Heavy vehicles and new structures can damage drainfields or limit future repair areas. Keep a clear reserve area for future system replacement if the permit requires it.
Gardens, irrigation, livestock, and specialty crops can change your water demand. If you plan larger agricultural uses, consult your well contractor and consider storage or treatment systems sized for peak demand. Coordinate with the county if you plan to add restrooms or barns that would tie into your onsite system.
Buying in Nash County gives you the freedom of rural living with the responsibility that comes with private utilities. Your best move is a clear plan: verify permits and records, test the well water, inspect the septic system with a certified pro, and align your site plans with rules and setbacks. If problems appear, there are proven paths forward, from disinfection and treatment to engineered septic solutions.
For tailored guidance on specific properties, our land team can coordinate county records, schedule certified inspectors, and help you manage negotiations and timelines. Talk to an expert at Legacy Farms and Ranches to move from questions to a confident plan.
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